Solved Question Paper: Internet Basics and HTML

SECTION A: Answer all questions in a maximum of 20 words each. (8 × 1 = 8)

Q.1:

I. Explain the use of URL.

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is used to specify addresses of resources on the internet, such as web pages and files.
Self-closing tags do not have a closing counterpart. Examples include <br>, <img>, and <hr> in HTML.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and structure web pages.
An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to devices on a network to enable communication.
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that provides internet access to users and businesses.
PAN (Personal Area Network) is a small network used for communication between personal devices like mobiles, laptops, and tablets.
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring data over the web between a client and a server.

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The Internet is a global network that connects millions of devices, enabling communication, data sharing, and access to a vast range of information. It is based on TCP/IP protocols and facilitates various services like email, social networking, online banking, e-commerce, video streaming, and cloud computing. The internet has revolutionized the way people interact, learn, and conduct business. It provides access to digital libraries, e-learning platforms, and virtual collaboration tools, making education and research more efficient. Governments and businesses utilize the internet for operations, automation, and customer engagement, while social media platforms enable global connectivity. Online services such as shopping, financial transactions, and remote work have become increasingly common, making the internet a fundamental part of modern life. However, cyber threats and privacy concerns remain major challenges.
The TCP/IP model is a communication framework used to transfer data across networks. It consists of four layers: the Network Access Layer, which handles physical hardware and data transmission; the Internet Layer, which manages IP addressing and routing; the Transport Layer, which ensures reliable communication using TCP or UDP; and the Application Layer, which supports end-user applications like web browsing and email. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures data integrity by dividing information into packets and reassembling them at the destination. It establishes a connection before transmitting data, making it highly reliable. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative that prioritizes speed over reliability, commonly used for streaming and gaming. The TCP/IP model is essential for internet communication, allowing seamless data transfer between devices. It serves as the backbone of modern networking and ensures that information reaches its intended destination efficiently.
Email (Electronic Mail) is a digital communication method that allows users to send messages, attachments, and multimedia over the internet. It is widely used for professional and personal communication. Email netiquettes refer to the proper way of composing and responding to emails. Important email etiquettes include using a clear and professional subject line, greeting recipients properly, writing concise and polite messages, and avoiding the use of all caps (which indicates shouting). Attachments should be properly named, and spam or unsolicited emails should be avoided. Using proper grammar and proofreading before sending an email enhances professionalism. Additionally, recipients should be addressed appropriately, and sensitive information should be shared securely. Responding promptly and keeping the tone respectful are crucial elements of good email practice. Following these etiquettes ensures effective and professional communication.
An HTML form is a structured way of collecting user input on a webpage. Forms are used for login pages, contact submissions, surveys, and data entry. HTML forms consist of various elements, including:

1. <input> – Used for text fields, radio buttons, checkboxes, and passwords.

1. <textarea> – Allows users to enter multiple lines of text.

1. <select> – A dropdown menu for selecting options.

1. <button> – A clickable button for form submission.

1. <label> – Provides a description for input fields. Forms use the <form> tag and send data to the server using GET or POST methods. Proper validation techniques, such as required fields and input type restrictions, enhance usability and security. Forms are fundamental for interactive websites.

Hypertext refers to text that contains links to other text, allowing users to navigate through documents. It is the foundation of the World Wide Web, enabling users to click on links and move between web pages. Hypermedia, on the other hand, extends hypertext by incorporating multimedia elements such as images, audio, video, and animations. While hypertext is primarily text-based, hypermedia provides a richer user experience by integrating different media formats. For example, Wikipedia pages use hypertext, while educational websites with videos and interactive elements use hypermedia. Both are crucial in web development, enhancing accessibility and engagement.
A hyperlink is an element that connects one web page to another or to different sections of the same page. It allows users to navigate across the internet efficiently. In HTML, hyperlinks are created using the <a> tag. Example:
A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that share resources and communicate with each other. Networks improve efficiency, scalability, and connectivity. The main types of networks include:

1. LAN (Local Area Network) – Covers a small area like a home, school, or office.

1. WAN (Wide Area Network) – Spans large geographical areas, such as the internet.

1. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – Covers a city or large campus.

1. PAN (Personal Area Network) – Connects personal devices like phones and laptops.

1. VPN (Virtual Private Network) – Ensures secure connections over the internet. Each type serves different needs, enhancing communication and data transfer.

A search engine (e.g., Google, Bing) is an online tool that helps users find information on the web by indexing and ranking content. It retrieves relevant websites based on keywords. A web browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox) is software that allows users to access and view web pages. Browsers interpret HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display content. While search engines help users find information, browsers enable them to interact with websites. Both are crucial for internet navigation.
HTML supports three types of lists:

• Ordered List (<ol>) – Numbered list.

• Unordered List (<ul>) – Bulleted list.

• Definition List (<dl>) – Describes terms.

HTML formatting tags are used to style text:

1. <b> – Bold text → <b>Bold</b>

1. <i> – Italic text → <i>Italic</i>

1. <u> – Underlined text → <u>Underline</u>

1. <small> – Small text → <small>Small</small>

1. <mark> – Highlighted text → <mark>Highlighted</mark>

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model has seven layers:

1. Physical Layer – Hardware transmission

1. Data Link Layer – MAC addressing

1. Network Layer – IP addressing

1. Transport Layer – TCP, UDP protocols

1. Session Layer – Manages sessions

1. Presentation Layer – Data encryption

1. Application Layer – HTTP, FTP, SMTP

Product	Category	Price
Laptop	Electronics	$800
Bookshelf	Furniture	$150
Coffee Maker	Appliances	$50

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• This answer book provides concise and well-structured responses.

• The HTML examples are ready-to-use.

II. What are self-closing tags/Empty tags?

III. What is HTML?

IV. Explain IP address.

V. What is ISP?

VI. Explain PAN.

VII. Name any three web browsers.

VIII. What is HTTP?

SECTION B: Answer any two questions with internal choice in a maximum of 150 words each. (4 × 5 = 20)

Q.2: What is the Internet and what are the applications of the Internet?

OR

Explain the TCP network model.

Q.3: What do you mean by e-mail and what are email netiquettes?

OR

What is an HTML Form? Explain different Form elements.

Q.4: Differentiate between hypertext and hypermedia.

OR

What is a Hyperlink? How are hyperlinks created in HTML?

<a href="https://example.com">Click Here</a>

The href attribute specifies the destination URL. Hyperlinks can also link to email addresses using mailto: or to specific sections of a page using id attributes. They are essential for website navigation and structuring online content.

Q.5: Explain Computer Networks along with its different types.

OR

Differentiate between Search Engine and Web Browser.

SECTION C: Answer only one question in a maximum of 300 words. (2 × 11 = 22)

Q.6: Explain different types of HTML Lists with proper examples.

·         <ol>

·           <li>Item 1</li>

·           <li>Item 2</li>

·         </ol>

·         <ul>

·           <li>Item 1</li>

·           <li>Item 2</li>

·         </ul>

·         <dl>

·           <dt>HTML</dt>

·           <dd>HyperText Markup Language</dd>

·         </dl>

Q.7: What are HTML Formatting Tags? Explain any 5 with proper syntax.

Q.8: Explain the OSI Network Model.

Q.9: Write HTML code for creating the table:

<table border="1">

  <tr>

    <th>Product</th>

    <th>Category</th>

    <th>Price</th>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td>Laptop</td>

    <td>Electronics</td>

    <td>$800</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td>Bookshelf</td>

    <td>Furniture</td>

    <td>$150</td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td>Coffee Maker</td>

    <td>Appliances</td>

    <td>$50</td>

  </tr>

</table>